Behavioral Eco-Physiology    X    Environmental Stress

Sediment loading / Turbidity

Sedimentation is a substantial threat to aquatic ecosystems and a primary cause of habitat degradation on near-shore coral reefs worldwide. Although numerous studies have demonstrated major impacts of sedimentation and turbidity on corals, virtually nothing is known of the sensitivity of reef fishes. This research stream focus on the effect of sediment-induced turbidity on key life-history stages of coral reef fishes, including settlement and habitat selection, finding food and avoiding predators, and overcome chronic metabolic stress caused by the sediments. My main research focus is the likely impact on key functional groups of fishes and the ultimate outcome for ecosystem resilience

Industrial effluent / pollution

This research stream focus on the impact of pollution and industrial effluents on the physiology and behavior of marine fishes. It is estimated that more than 100.000 man-made chemicals are in routing use worldwide, and the main sink for suck chemical are aquatic environments. Unintentional or unregulated chemical exposure can severely destabilize the health of species and ecosystems, and impact food security. At present, this research stream is primarily focused on the effect of oil contamination on the resilience and survival of ecologically and commercially important fish species, using state-of-the-art toxicological assays spanning sub-cellular function (e.g. mitochondria) to whole animal ecologival and physiological performance (e.g. behavioral changes, swimming respirometry, cardiorespiraroy examinations).

Ocean warming

Increased ocean temperature due to climate change is arguably the largest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. It is estimated that more than 20% of the worlds coral reefs have disappeared in the last 30 years, and the rate of decline is escalating. This research stream focus on the capacity of reef organisms to tolerate, acclimate, or adapt to rising ocean temperatures, with a particular emphasis on fishes of ecological or commercial importance. For this research, I utilize a blend of field surveys and behavioral experiments, with high-tech laboratory based assessments of behavioral and physiological (particularly metabolic) responses. For instance, as temperatures increase, the metabolic demands and energy requirements of marine ectotherms also increase. If productivity of marine systems and fisheries are to persist, individual species must compensate for this demand through increasing energy acquisition or decreasing energy expenditure. However, these increased energetic demands of large predatory (fishes) species are unlikely to be met by adequate production at lower trophic levels, as smaller prey species are often the first to decline in response to climate-induced loss of live coral and structural complexity. Consequently, ubiquitous increases in energy demand due to ocean warming will likely reduce the maximum carrying capacity and fisheries productivity of reef ecosystems.

Behavioral preference

A novel research direction that I explore is the role of behavioral avoidance or preference of reef organisms for specific habitat conditions relative to the physiological and ecological impact of environmental stressors (e.g. sediment loading, turbidity, oil pollution, water temperature). There are numerous controversies in contemporary literature highlighting differences in realized niches versus absolute niches in reef organisms, and between environmental conditions and physiological optima for individual species. I designed this research stream to specifically address these controversies, by quantifying innate preferences for particular water-quality conditions and the conditions that may cause individuals to relocate into new habitats long before genetic adaptation can occur.

Metabolic performance

Metabolic rates, energy requirements and stress responses of aquatic organisms can be precisely quantified from measurements of oxygen consumption rates through swimming and resting respirometry. When performed correctly, these distinct approaches are extremely powerful tools for studies of eco-physiology and conservation physiology. I use a variety of these state-of-the-art techniques for my research, as can be seen here: YouTube

Field monitoring

Long-term and detailed monitoring of marine ecosystems are necessary to fully understand and appreciate the changes that are occurring right under the waves. These detailed assessments of species diversity and abundance form the basis for much of our understanding of aquatic ecosystems today.